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Effects of Typhoon Bopha in Micronesia and Palau
The effects of Typhoon Bopha in the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau were significant, though limited in extent in comparison to the cyclone's intensity. Typhoon Bopha originated from a tropical depression south of Pohnpei on November 25, 2012, and tracked generally westward for more than a week. During this time, it threatened several islands across Micronesia, prompting the issuance of typhoon watches and warnings. The system skirted the Nomoi Islands on November 28 where it caused limited damage. Thereafter, it became a threat to Palau as an intense typhoon. Residents there boarded up their homes and some evacuated to public shelters while officials enacted a strict curfew during the typhoon's passage. Bopha passed 55 km (35 mi) south of Angaur island, or 100 km (65 mi) south of Babeldaob, on December 2 with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph).
Damage was most severe in the states of Angaur, Melekeok, Ngiwal, and Ngaraard where storm surge damaged or destroyed many homes. Electricity and water service in many areas was lost during the storm, and remained so for over a week in the hardest hit areas. Throughout Palau, 92 homes were destroyed while 59 others sustained severe damage. Total damage amounted to US$10.1 million with repair costs estimated at US$15–20 million. A state of emergency was declared on December 5 while the Palau Red Cross Society assisted with recovery efforts. Palau's congress allocated US$10 million for relief while international donors provided a collective US$235,000 in aid.
==Background==
On November 25, 2012, a tropical depression developed to the south of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia.〔 Initially tracking northwest and later due west under the influence of a strong subtropical ridge to its north, the system intensified into a tropical storm the following day at which time it received the name ''Bopha''. The storm passed roughly 65 km (40 mi) south of the Nomoi Islands early on November 28. After slowly intensifying for several days Bopha underwent a period of rapid intensification from November 30 to December 1, with its central pressure falling from 990 mbar (hPa; 29.39 inHg) to 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg). The system reached its initial peak intensity on December 2 with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) according to the Japan Meteorological Agency.〔 The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated Bopha to have been a much stronger storm, with one-minute sustained winds of 250 km/h (155 mph), a high-end Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS).
Around 06:00 UTC, Bopha passed 100 km (65 mi) south of Babeldaob island in Palau while at its initial peak. Shortly thereafter it made its closest approach the nation, tracking roughly 55 km (35 mi) south of Angaur island. After clearing Palau, Bopha ultimately intensified further before making a devastating landfall on Mindanao in the Philippines. The JTWC estimated its peak intensity at 280 km/h (175 mph), a Category 5 on the SSHWS.〔 The storm resulted in up to 1,901 fatalities in the country and tremendous infrastructural damage. Land interaction substantially weakened the system by the time it emerged over the Sulu Sea. Turning north, Bopha briefly weakened to a tropical storm on December 6 before undergoing another period of rapid intensification. After reaching its tertiary peak on December 7,〔 hostile wind shear caused dramatic weakening. In a 24 hour span, the typhoon's central pressure rose by 55 mbar (hPa; 1.62 inHg) while its winds fell from 170 km/h (105 mph) to 75 km/h (45 mph). Bopha soon degraded to a tropical depression and dissipated off the northwestern coast of Luzon early on December 9.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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